مغربی ثقافت کا رد فکرِ اقبال کے تناظر میں

Abstract

This research paper critically examines the intellectual, cultural, and moral dimensions of Western civilization through the lens ofAllamaMuhammad Iqbal’s thought. Iqbal, a visionary philosopher and poet, deeply studied the scientific, industrial, and educational progress of the West, acknowledging its achievements while also highlighting its spiritual and ethical shortcomings. While he appreciated Western advancements in science, individual liberty, organization, and research, he strongly criticized its materialism, imperialism, nationalism, and spiritual void. According to Iqbal, Western civilization is characterized by external progress but lacks the inner spiritual and moral foundations necessary for true human development. He believed that without a divine connection and a strong ethical compass, the civilization becomes hollow and ultimately self-destructive. His critique, however, was not rejectionist but reformative—aiming to present a balanced framework that integrates modern knowledge with Islamic spiritual and communal values. Iqbal advocates for a civilization grounded in both material advancement and spiritual elevation. His concepts of Khudi (selfhood), Ummah(community), and the metaphysical evolution of the individual offer a meaningful alternative to Western individualism and secularism.This paper seeks to address the following questions: What aspects of Western civilization did Iqbal criticize the most? Did he entirely reject the West, or did he acknowledge its strengths? What fundamental differences did he see between Western and Islamic thought? How did he interpret Western imperialism's impact on Eastern societies? Can Iqbal’s thought offer guidance in today’s global civilizational crisis? The primary aim of this study is to present Iqbal’s understanding of the West, assess its cultural influence from his perspective, and explore how his philosophy can guide modern societies toward a more holistic and spiritually enriched future.