Payam-i-Iqbal Bahria Research Journal on Iqbal Studies
Welcome to BRJIS پیام اقبال Bahria Research Journal on Iqbal Studies (BRJIS) is HEC Recognized Y- Category Bi-annual double-blind peer-reviewed research journal of Iqbal Chair Bahria University. Iqbal Chair Bahria University encourages researchers to focus on the application aspect of Iqbal’s Islamic philosophy. The Journal encourages originality and creativity in the field of applied Iqbal Studies. It carries articles on all domains of Iqbal’s thought and philosophy which include, but not limited to, Iqbal’s thoughts and directives on educational, social, psychological, political, economic, pan Islamic and national domains. BRJIS accepts research articles, case studies, and discussions for publication. To bring quality to the published work in BRJIS, we have established an internationally renowned large Advisory/Review board, comprising reputed scholars and well-qualified subject specialists. To ensure research dissemination, we are maintaining an electronic archive of published articles, making them available in an open-access, downloadable format. Publisher: Iqbal Chair Bahria University, Pakistan ISSN (E): 2960-0669 ISSN (P): - HEC Category: Y Frequency: Bi-Annual (Six Monthly) Access: Open Publication Charges: Free Peer Review Process: Double-blind
بندہ مومن کے زوال کے اسباب اور ان کا تدارک نظم "ابلیس کی مجلس شوری"کے تناظر میں
The contemporary Muslim world is confronted with intellectual stagnation, political instability, and moral decline, placing it at a disadvantage compared to other nations. In this context, the philosophical and poetic insights of Allama Muhammad Iqbal provide a critical framework for analyzing the causes of the decline of the Muslim Ummah. This study examines the causes of the fall of the believer (Mard-e-Momin) and proposes their remedies through a focused analysis of Iqbal’s poem “Iblis ki Majlis-e-Shura.” It explores Iqbal’s critique of political systems, spiritual decay, and intellectual deviations within the Muslim world. The study employs a qualitative, document-based methodology, drawing primarily on Iqbal’s poetic works in Urdu and Persian, alongside relevant secondary sources. A thematic and interpretive analysis is conducted to identify key concepts related to decline and revival. The findings reveal that Iqbal attributes the decline of the Muslim Ummah to interconnected factors, including blind imitation of Western political systems, intellectual stagnation, misinterpretation of destiny (taqdeer), decline in spiritual vitality, and the influence of scholastic theology and pseudo-mysticism. The study also highlights Iqbal’s critique of capitalism, his conditional appreciation of socialism, and his emphasis on Khudi (selfhood), action, and moral responsibility. The study concludes that revival lies in returning to the Qur’an and implementing Shari‘ah, alongside fostering Khudi, Ijtihad, and active engagement with the world. Iqbal’s thought offers a comprehensive framework for intellectual, spiritual, and political regeneration in the modern Muslim world.
Copyright (c) 2026 Payam-i-Iqbal Bahria Research Journal on Iqbal Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Studies on Muhammad Iqbal Conducted in Türkiye: Findings; and Assessment of the Allama Muhammad Iqbal Factor in Academic Cooperation between Türkiye and Pakistan
The intellectual system of Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was not limited to his era or merely shaping the founding philosophy of Pakistan; it also offered a powerful vision for the revival and unity of the Islamic world. The preservation and relevance of this vision are directly linked to the studies that have been and will be conducted on Iqbal. This research article examines the extent of academic studies conducted in Türkiye on Muhammad Iqbal and the degree to which they address Iqbal’s system of thought; it also addresses how the Allama Muhammad Iqbal factor can be made more effective in terms of academic cooperation between the two countries. In this context, in the paper has analyzed not all academic studies on Iqbal in Türkiye, but only master and doctoral theses; and has examined selected dimensions of Iqbal’s philosophy; the relationship between science and religion, the philosophy of self, modernization, national independence. The study has examined the secondary literature on Iqbal in Türkiye using qualitative, historical and comparative methods. These texts have evaluated not in depth but in broad terms in terms of theme and form, using content analysis and narrative analysis techniques. This research plays a pioneering role and provides a foundation for academics from both countries interested in the field to undertake new studies. Furthermore, this article makes concrete proposals on how the Allama Muhammad Iqbal factor can be made more effective in creating a catalyst for revitalization and cooperation between Turkish and Pakistani academia. In conclusion, this study argues that research on Iqbal in Türkiye can not only enrich the general intellectual heritage, but also serve as a facilitating for closer academic cooperation and joint projects with intellectual circles in Pakistan; and that all of these could serve as a catalyst for the academies of both brotherly countries to act together in the face of current challenges.
Re-Envisioning Muslim Identity: Unity and Diversity in Muhammad Iqbal’s Political Thought
This paper analyses modern divisions in Muslim societies, especially those based on ethnicity, language, and sectarian affiliations. It critically examines the political philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal on Muslim unity and diversity based on his key concept of millat (community) and khudī (selfhood). The study employs a qualitative research method using content analysis and critical hermeneutics to analyze the key works of Iqbal, such as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam and The Message of the East, as well as the corresponding academic interpretation. The discussion shows that the idea of Muslim unity advanced by Iqbal is based on the equilibrium between communal unity and individual spiritual growth in the morally oriented social structure. Rather than supporting western form of nationalism or sectarian politics, Iqbal suggests tawḥīd (divine unity) as a more spiritual and ethical basis, which can cut across race, language, and region. He also claims that the true unity of people can only be created in the acknowledgement of diversity when placed on a common moral basis and the reinterpretation of Islamic tradition through ijtihad (independent reasoning). The research concludes that Iqbal offers a valuable intellectual framework to address the recent discussions on Muslim identity, pluralism, and political identification. His focus on unity through diversity, ethical leadership, and intellectual renewal is also very applicable in the contemporary debate surrounding Muslim societies and political thinking.
مغربی ثقافت کا رد فکرِ اقبال کے تناظر میں
This research paper critically examines the intellectual, cultural, and moral dimensions of Western civilization through the lens ofAllamaMuhammad Iqbal’s thought. Iqbal, a visionary philosopher and poet, deeply studied the scientific, industrial, and educational progress of the West, acknowledging its achievements while also highlighting its spiritual and ethical shortcomings. While he appreciated Western advancements in science, individual liberty, organization, and research, he strongly criticized its materialism, imperialism, nationalism, and spiritual void. According to Iqbal, Western civilization is characterized by external progress but lacks the inner spiritual and moral foundations necessary for true human development. He believed that without a divine connection and a strong ethical compass, the civilization becomes hollow and ultimately self-destructive. His critique, however, was not rejectionist but reformative—aiming to present a balanced framework that integrates modern knowledge with Islamic spiritual and communal values. Iqbal advocates for a civilization grounded in both material advancement and spiritual elevation. His concepts of Khudi (selfhood), Ummah(community), and the metaphysical evolution of the individual offer a meaningful alternative to Western individualism and secularism.This paper seeks to address the following questions: What aspects of Western civilization did Iqbal criticize the most? Did he entirely reject the West, or did he acknowledge its strengths? What fundamental differences did he see between Western and Islamic thought? How did he interpret Western imperialism's impact on Eastern societies? Can Iqbal’s thought offer guidance in today’s global civilizational crisis? The primary aim of this study is to present Iqbal’s understanding of the West, assess its cultural influence from his perspective, and explore how his philosophy can guide modern societies toward a more holistic and spiritually enriched future.
Building Tomorrow’s Leaders: Iqbal’s Philosophy of Self-Realization for Youth Empowerment
In today’s world, where there are leadership crises and identity challenges, Iqbal’s philosophy of khudi (self-realization) gives the youth a blueprint for personal progress and ethical leadership. This study seeks to analyze the relationship between khudi and leadership, exploring how his philosophy can cultivate leadership qualities in youth, and assess its relevance for modern leadership training and educational systems. The study uses a qualitative methodology and conducts a textual and thematic analysis of Iqbal’s writing—particularly Bal-e-Jibril, Bange-e-dara, and Zarb-e-Kalim—with a focus on metaphors like Shaheen and Mard-e-Momin. The findings reveal that khudi can cultivate leadership qualities in youth and provide practical insights into how young individuals can nurture resilience, integrity, and a sense of social responsibility, making his ideas of youth leadership relevant. The study offers a practical model for leadership development in educational and political contexts. The study concludes that embracing khudi can empower youth to rise above all the challenges, be responsible, take control of their lives, and lead societies towards a progressive future.
اقبال کی شاعری میں فطرت اور ماحولیاتی آگہی:تجزیاتی مطالعہ
"Nature" in Allama Muhammad Iqbal's poetry is an amazingly interesting and fascinating subject. In his work, nature is not a purely aesthetic element, but a potent force of spiritual, moral and intellectual awakening. Although Iqbal did not directly make environment, the central subject of his poetry, themes and implications related to environmental consciousness and the relationship between humanity and the natural word can be seen in many of his verses. Iqbal posits that essence of Almighty Allah possesses an attribute of beauty, which Allah has manifested the universe. This research aims to identify new themes within Iqbal Studies, specifically by analyzing his poetry to uncover concepts of ecological awareness and the fundamental duties of humans towards the environment. For Iqbal, nature, serves as dual function; it is both a source of aesthetic pleasure and catalyst of spiritual and intellectual growth. Consequently, his poetry provides a valuable framework for cultivating contemporary ecological awareness and highlighting the urgent need for the protection of our threatened natural environment. The scope of this research involves a close analytical reading of Iqbal’s chosen works to develop an understanding of his ecological viewpoint. The study specifically accesses the extent of environmental subject matter in his verses and how natural elements are presented as potent symbols of greater reality. The primary conclusion is that Iqbal’s approach to nature is multi-faceted and multi-dimensional. Iqbal’s poetry suggests that beauty is reflection of divine attributes while natural phenomena serve as mirror of human self –knowledge and moral responsibility. His verses demonstrate that environmental awareness is an essential component of a spiritual life characterized by harmony between humanity and nature. This paper presents these findings, concluding with practical suggestions for raising environmental awareness within society.
Philosophy Of Resistance Interpreting Contemporary Military Operations Through Iqbal's Vision
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, a prominent 20th-century Islamic scholar, is utilized in this research to examine modern armed resistance. In regions such as Kashmir, Palestine, and Afghanistan, resistance encompasses social, political, and religious dimensions alongside traditional military actions. Indigenous frameworks often frame standing up to oppression as a moral and religious duty, whereas contemporary Western military literature typically discusses it as a struggle against extremists or insurgents. Iqbal argues that when ethics and strategy are integrated, following Khudi (selfhood), symbolized by the eagle (Shaheen), enables individuals to break free from tyranny while progressing toward self-realization. Methods such as Ijtihad (independent reasoning) and Faqr (spiritual poverty) allow people to discover local, flexible modes of resistance grounded in moral and spiritual principles. Methodologically, the study adopts a quantitative cross-sectional research design, using structured questionnaires administered to 328 participants, including military personnel, resistance-affiliated individuals, and academic scholars from Pakistan, Kashmir, and Afghanistan. Statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression modeling are employed to examine the relationship between engagement with Iqbal’s philosophy and strategic moral decision-making. Recognizing that understanding Iqbal’s perspectives on culture and morality is essential, this study addresses a critical gap in literature by applying Iqbal’s vision to contemporary conflicts. This research contributes to the emerging discourse on resistance ethics, incorporating Iqbal’s philosophy to decolonize strategic studies and offer fresh insights for strategists, policymakers, and scholars engaged in asymmetric warfare and liberation movements.
ہمہ گیر انسانی ترقی کے لیے اقبال کا نظریہ انقلابی تعلیم
This research paper explores the Philosophy of education that given by Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, in the context of Islamic principles and the challenges posed by western educational systems. This study covered qualitatively, emphasizes how Iqbal viewed education not merely as an instrument for success of materialistic world but as a mean of self-realization, spiritual awakening, and the development of individuality rooted in the concept of Khudi. Drawing on teaching of Quran, prophetic traditions, and Iqbal’s poetry, this research paper analyzes the essential role of education in shaping human character and identity with Islamic parameters. Also building moral consciousness and preserving our delegated historical cultural identity. It also highlights Iqbal’s critique of the colonial and materialistic education system, which detached Muslims from their spiritual heritage. The paper concludes that Iqbal envisioned an ideal educational framework that harmonizes modern scientific knowledge with Islamic values, enabling Muslims, especially the youth, to cultivate creativity, leadership, and revolutionary thought while remaining true to their faith and heritage.
Philosophy of Iqbal and Curriculum of Management Science in Pakistan
Management science and business studies have been attracting a large number of students in Pakistan. Although these disciplines have a huge academic audience, yet Iqbal’s philosophy has not been incorporated in the curriculum of Management and Business Studies in Pakistan. Various disciplines from sociology to philosophy have borrowed key ideas from works of Iqbal however these two disciplines are still adopting the western curriculum without any critical changes. Other eastern and oriental cultures are incorporating their indigenous thoughts to make management a practical affair rather than an absolute idea coming from occidental thinkers. Current study has explored philosophical and poetic work of Iqbal to extract key areas from which management science and business studies can benefit. More specifically study has examined the ideas of leadership, motivation, workplace spirituality, and meaningfulness at workplace through the lens of Iqbal’s philosophy. Study found a great relevance of Iqbal for the field of management science and business studies, specifically in the areas of leadership, motivation and workplace spirituality. For future, scholars can explore these dimensions in depth and can prepare complete response of Iqbal for leadership, motivation and workplace spirituality. Furthermore, in future, scholars can also run a similar study by using Persian text of Iqbal. Current study is also a door opener study to incorporate Iqbal’s philosophy in the disciplines of Management science and Business studies for Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Payam-i-Iqbal Bahria Research Journal on Iqbal Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Iqbal’s Concept of Sensory Perception and Intuition in Contemporary Pakistani University Classrooms
Pakistan's education system faces significant challenges, including an over-reliance on rote memorization and a disconnect from its cultural and philosophical heritage, hindering holistic student development. This study explores the potential of integrating Allama Muhammad Iqbal's educational concepts of sensory perception (ḥiss) and intuition (wajdān/Fu’ād), along with action (Amal) and selfhood (Khudī), into contemporary Pakistani university classrooms. Drawing on Iqbal's emphasis in The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam on sensory engagement with the empirical world and intuitive insight into deeper realities, this research investigates how these principles can promote a more engaging, culturally resonant, and effective learning environment. Using a qualitative research design, this study involved semi-structured interviews with twenty university teachers from Hyderabad. The findings suggest that teachers already use the elements of sensory-rich teaching, intuitive responsiveness, and action-based learning (practices that can be linked to the framework by Iqbal) and imply that conscious application of the principles reinforce student engagement, creativity, and critical thinking. However, despite teachers’ effort, inflexible curricula, inadequate resources and entrenched traditional practices all hamper total adoption. The paper concludes that the practice in the classroom and the government policy must be reformed to help establish the integration of the Iqbalian principles in higher education.
اقبال کے خطبہ اول "علم اور مذہبی مشاہدہ" کے اردو تراجم : ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This paper explores Iqbal’s first English lecture, Knowledge and Religious Experience, in which he emphasizes the need to reconstruct religious thought in light of modern scientific and philosophical developments. The research aims to examine how four Urdu translators have interpreted and conveyed the core ideas of this lecture. Key questions include: To what extent do these translations reflect Iqbal’s original concepts? What linguistic or intellectual shifts are evident in the translations? This qualitative study uses a comparative analytical methodology, focusing on the philosophical fidelity, linguistic clarity, and interpretive nuance in each translation. The findings suggest that while all four translations attempt to stay true to Iqbal’s thought, they differ significantly in their approach—some offering more accessible language, others preserving deeper conceptual complexity. The study concludes that translation plays a crucial role in shaping the reception of Iqbal’s philosophy, and highlights the importance of contextual and intellectual sensitivity in translating such dense philosophical texts.
Iqbal’s Ethical Cosmos: Khudi, Justice, and the Divine Paradigm
This study explores Allama Iqbal’s philosophical framework for a just society, emphasizing the central role of divine values, truth, justice, and bravery realized through the affirmation of Khudi (selfhood). The research seeks to answer as to how does Iqbal conceptualize a just society? What role does the individual's spiritual evolution play in societal justice? Employing a qualitative, hermeneutic analysis of Iqbal’s poetry and philosophical prose, the study interprets his metaphysical concepts to discover their socio-political implications. The analysis reveals that Iqbal situates justice not merely in institutional reforms but in individual moral and spiritual uplift. Through the metamorphosis of self-negation (Fana fillah) and the internalization of divine attributes, individuals transcend base instincts, contributing to collective moral uplift. The findings suggest that for Iqbal, a just society is the natural outcome of spiritually awakened individuals whose selfhood (Khudi) reflects divine proximity reflecting in the collective whole. The conclusion underscores Iqbal’s integration of metaphysics with social philosophy, proposing a model of justice rooted in inner ethical development.
This academic paper examines the profound connection between the philosophical thought and political activism of Allama Muhammad Iqbal and the Kashmir issue during the British Raj. It posits that Iqbal’s engagement was multifaceted, driven not only by his own Kashmiri heritage but also by a deep ideological commitment to justice and Muslim self-determination. The research employs narrative and analytical methods to explore Iqbal’s poetic works, political speeches, and personal correspondence, which consistently highlighted the oppression faced by Kashmiri Muslims under the Dogra Hindu rule sanctioned by the British Empire. The study details how Iqbal transcended mere poetic lamentation to become a central figure in the early Kashmiri freedom movement. He mobilized political consciousness, provided strategic leadership through the All-India Muslim Kashmir Conference, advocated for Kashmiri rights at international forums like the Round Table Conferences, and organized financial and moral support for political prisoners. Despite facing a ban on entry into Kashmir and government-sponsored propaganda, Iqbal’s efforts were instrumental in fostering a sense of ‘Khudi’ (selfhood) and resistance among Kashmiris. The paper concludes that Iqbal’s perspective—emphasizing unity, political awakening, and ethical resistance—remains critically relevant to understanding the historical and ongoing struggle in Kashmir, framing it as an enduring quest for justice against occupation.
Revival of the Muslim Spirit: Iqbal's Perspective in Eradicating Weakness and Illiteracy in the Indian Subcontinent
Faced with problems such as weak economies, illiteracy, extremism, sectarianism and ideological confusion, modern Muslim societies can find profound guidance and a workable strategy in Iqbal’s thought that meets the demands of the modern era. Highlighting the importance of rebuilding religious thought in Islam, Iqbal argued for the integration of science and religion within the educational system to restore Islamic values and promote Islamic renaissance and create a new world order. His ideas, in the light of the teachings of the Holy Quran, emphasize the implementation of education in social, economic and cultural development. He urges Muslims to aspire for knowledge that is in line with the standards of global competition and offers solutions to the challenges of the present era. This study specifically analyzes Iqbal's educational thought and its objectives, the causes of its decline and the elimination of unfounded religious fatwas that contradict the present era, the instructions regarding the youth to have a high character and attract them towards modern studies in accordance with the teachings of the Quran. The research concluded that reforming the current education system to embody the true spirit of Iqbal is necessary to encourage the youth to play an active role in society.
اِقبال اُمید کا شاعر (عہدِاقبال کے شعرا کے تناظر میں)
This study argues that Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) stands apart as the "Poet of Hope" within early 20th-century Urdu literature, an era otherwise dominated by themes of despair and pessimism. Through a comparative and analytical methodology, this research contrasts Iqbal's philosophical and poetic output with that of his prominent contemporaries, including Dagh Dehlvi, Seemab Akbarabadi, and Josh Malihabadi. The analysis demonstrates that where his peers often expressed futility and lamentation, Iqbal’s work consistently delivered a potent message of hope, selfhood (Khudi), and proactive struggle. This research examines key texts such as Shikwa, Jawab-e-Shikwa, and the poem Umeed from Zarb-e-Kaleem to deconstruct how Iqbal framed hope as an essential catalyst for individual and societal transformation. He considered hope essential for nation-building and survival. He redefined it not as passive wishing, but as an active force—an "elixir" for crafting destiny and empowering a demoralized community and nation. The paper concludes that Iqbal’s unique contribution was his strategic use of poetry to mobilize a psychologically defeated population. By replacing contemporary narratives of decline with a philosophy of aspiration and self-empowerment, he provided the critical ideological foundation for socio-political revival. His work, therefore, transcends its period, establishing a timeless, practical model for resilience and action. This research affirms that Iqbal’s enduring relevance lies in his singular ability to weaponize hope against despair.
سید مظفر حسین برنی کی اقبال فہمی میں تصورِ پاکستان کے تنقیدی تفکرات
This paper critically examines Syed Muzaffar Hussain Barni’s interpretation of Allama Iqbal’s role in conceptualizing Pakistan. It challenges the narrative, advanced by certain scholars and Orientalists, that Iqbal disavowed the idea of a separate Muslim state, a claim used to undermine Pakistan's ideological foundations. Utilizing a textual and historical methodology, this study analyzes Iqbal’s key writings, including his 1934 letter to Edward Thompson and his crucial 1937 correspondence with Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The research refutes Barni’s central thesis that Iqbal only ever advocated for a Muslim province within a united Indian federation. The findings demonstrate that Iqbal’s political thought evolved significantly. While his initial proposals focused on autonomy, his later letters to Jinnah explicitly champion a separate Muslim federation based on the right of self-determination. This articulates the core principle of what became Pakistan. The study concludes that Barni’s interpretation is reductively based on a single data point, ignoring the clear evolution in Iqbal’s stance. It affirms that Iqbal was the intellectual architect of Pakistan, providing its essential philosophical framework of Islamic nationhood. Disassociating him from Pakistan is an ideological project aimed at weakening the state's intellectual coherence.
اقبال کا تصورِ عقل، شعور، علم اور وقت: مغربی فلسفے کے ساتھ ایک تقابلی جائزہ
Every philosopher's primary endeavor has been to shape their fundamental concept by integrating and synthesizing other related ideas. The foremost requirement of Iqbal's philosophy of Khudi (selfhood) was to explore the significance of human existence within the framework of Reason, Consciousness, Knowledge and Time. This is because these concepts are intrinsically linked to the self, and the meaning of human being as known and existent cannot transcend the bounds of these ideas. To establish the theological concept of Khudi, Iqbal needed to demonstrate that human self does not accept the chains of these constructs as unalterable constraints. This article, through a comparative analytical method of western and Iqbal’s philosophy, establishes the meta-narratives of Reason, Consciousness, Knowledge and time through the lens of Iqbal by primary and secondary sources. Just as the West proudly presents its philosophical cannons like Kant, Hume, Heidegger, Schopenhauer, Bergson and Nietzsche, there is a need to proudly recognize the philosophy of the ‘Poet of the East’ by the ‘People of the East’. While Western philosophy often emphasizes abstract and dualistic themes, which, though philosophically significant, do not directly address the modern human’s need for selfhood. In the history of mankind, few were the thinkers who had an insight of the universal as well as the contemporaneous issues of the future. Even in an era where modernist philosophers argue that the old classics have become obsolete and they do not qualify as a problem solver of the modern time, Iqbal’s unique synthesis of these concepts, rooted in metaphysical and epistemological inquiry, offers profound insights into the self of the modern age, making his philosophy indispensable for understanding human existence today.
اپنی دنیا آپ پیدا کر اگر زندوں میں ہے(تعمیرِ خودی اور تشکیلِ ملت کے حوالے سے تحقیقی مطالعہ)
Under the proclamation "Forge your own world if you are alive," Allama Iqbal imparted the profound message that humanity has the power to carve out its own destiny through the strength of selfhood. This research paper aims to delve into the depths of Iqbal's philosophy of selfhood and present his ideas as a viable framework for individual and societal development in contemporary times. According to Iqbal, selfhood is not only the means of establishing individual identity but also the force that enables a person to fully realize their potential and, in turn, create their own world. The paper sheds light on how Iqbal's philosophy of selfhood empowers individuals to cultivate self-confidence, self-awareness, and creative capacities, and how these elements serve as a solid foundation for collective progress. Additionally, the paper analyzes the role of a nation's educational system in awakening the sense of selfhood within individuals and preparing them for national development. The research findings endeavour to demonstrate that Iqbal's concept of selfhood has the potential to spark a revolution not only in personal growth but also on a national level. This study proposes an educational and ethical framework, inspired by Iqbal's ideas, that empowers individuals to create their world and contribute meaningfully to collective progress.
مطالب اقبال" از مقبول انور داؤدی کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ"
"Matalib Iqbal" by Maqbool Anwar Dawoodi serves as a glossary of words used in Kalam-e-Iqbal in Urdu. In his analytical study, Dawoodi provides a research-based and critical review of word identification, semantic explanations, pronunciation, grammatical classification, and linguistic techniques. This study adopts a qualitative research methodology while also incorporating historical and diachronic approaches. Compiling a linguistic reference for a poet of Iqbal’s stature is an important scholarly contribution. Dawoodi’s work offers significant assistance to readers by elucidating the meanings and interpretations of words used in Kalam-e-Iqbal. However, Matalib Iqbal does not fully conform to the scientific principles of lexicography. Lexicographical work demands more than merely defining words; it often requires illustrative examples for better comprehension. Therefore, further incorporation of contextual explanations of words and phrases are recommended to enhance its utility as a comprehensive glossary.
علامہ اقبالؒ اوردورِ جدید میں شخصی نشوونما اور رُوحانی فروغ
Over the past three centuries, no other thinker or philosopher among Muslims has presented such a comprehensive and pragmatic framework for human welfare and reformation as Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Rooted in an unshakable commitment to the revival of human dignity, Iqbal’s philosophy offers a profound and actionable system for personal transformation and the spiritual ascension of individuals in the modern era. This research explores three pivotal dimensions of Iqbal’s thought: first, the formative influences—his personal life, education, and intellectual milieu—that shaped his revolutionary ideas; second, the authoritative sources from which Iqbal derived his philosophy, underscoring the authenticity and universality of his vision; and third, the applicability of his concept of Khudi (Selfhood) in contemporary society, analyzing whether his principles of self-realization and human perfection remain feasible and actionable today. Despite unparalleled advancements in science and technology, modern humanity suffers from a moral and spiritual crisis, largely driven by materialism, moral decay, and the decline of ethical education. Iqbal stands as the only intellectual in the Muslim world who not only diagnosed this crisis but also provided a transformative methodology for its resolution. His concept of Khudi serves as a rigorous framework for personal and spiritual development, leading individuals from self-awareness to self-mastery, culminating in the attainment of Mard-e-Kamil (the Perfect Man)—the true vicegerent of God. Through a thorough literary analysis of primary and secondary sources, this study reaffirms that Iqbal’s ideas remain as relevant and imperative today as they were in his time, offering a blueprint for both individual empowerment and the collective resurgence of the Muslim Ummah.
Iqbal and the Process of Personal Transformation and Spiritual Ascension in the Modern Era
Contemporary belief in God and materialism has resulted in the disregard of spiritual needs, alienating humanity from its genuine mission as God's vicegerent. This has led to environmental deterioration, psychological health problems, and social discord. Allama Muhammad Iqbal's thought, profoundly grounded in Islamic doctrine, underscores the significance of spirituality and self-awareness for individual and societal metamorphosis. This study seeks to examine Iqbal's philosophical perspectives on the ego (Khudi) and its connections with God, society, and the universe. It also explores how Iqbal's notion of selfhood influence an individual's societal function and relationship with God? Furthermore, it investigates how personal accountability, as promoted by Iqbal, can enhance societal welfare? A qualitative method is utilized to analyze Iqbal's poetry and philosophical treatises on Khudi. The research synthesizes insights from literature regarding Iqbal's teachings and evaluates his impact on modern interpretations of religion and identity. Iqbal's philosophy emphasizes the divine foundation of the ego and its capacity for spiritual advancement through self-cultivation and active participation in society and nature. His critique of Eastern and Western ideas emphasizes the necessity of a balanced existence, harmonizing material, and spiritual endeavors. Iqbal's notion of Khudi advocates for individuals to recognize their potential as ambassadors of God, promoting moral and spiritual development. Iqbal's teachings provide a significant foundation for addressing the challenges of contemporary life, highlighting the significance of spirituality and self-awareness. His ideology promotes a harmonious equilibrium between the physical and spiritual realms, directing individuals toward personal and communal advancement. By re-establishing their spiritual foundations, individuals can attain an elevated state of realization and foster a more equitable and peaceful world.
Exploring the Unilateral Nationalism According to Allama Iqbal’s Thoughts
The political ideologies and theologies are revived over time. Since the emergence of globalization, the concept of multilateralism has become more complex. Compared to the Western idea of global governance, Allama Iqbal's philosophical emphasis was upon the unity of the Muslim Ummah. Allama Iqbal's concept of 'Unilateral Nationalism for the Islamic Ummah' is projected in his written work. This article attempts to explore the idea of unity and its implications according to Allama Iqbal's guidelines for the Muslim Ummah. This paper focuses on the Islamic ideologies present in the written work of Allama Iqbal. A qualitative method using content analysis was used to achieve the objective of this study. The study concludes that Allama Iqbal's ideology of Muslim unity is highly relevant and urgently needed in the contemporary age. His vision of "Unilateral Nationalism" provides a framework for dealing with the challenges of the Muslim Ummah in an era of globalization. It reflects solidarity beyond the divisions of nationalism, which is built upon common Islamic values; the model here is the practical unity of Islam. The strength of this vision must be collective and based on religious, cultural, and intellectual bindings, not on divisions based on nationality. Allama Iqbal's philosophy thus addresses all areas of political instability, economic disparity, and the fragmentation of the Muslim world to find pathways toward political and social unity. Recognizing that the modern world is culturally and politically fragmented, his thought is an antidote to disunity. It advocates solidarity as both an idealistic proposition and a practical method for overcoming structural challenges in unifying the Muslim Ummah. Through this vision, Allama Iqbal offers an all-embracing framework for the moral and intellectual rejuvenation of the Muslim world to better confront contemporary challenges.
Self-Confidence through Self-Reliance: Iqbal's Blueprint for Individual and National Empowerment
This article explores how Allama Muhammad Iqbal's multidimensional concept of self-reliance (Khudi) plays a vital role in empowering individuals and nations. Iqbal, a renowned philosopher, poet, and thought leader, proposes a progression from self-esteem to self-fulfilment, emphasising the significance of cohesive nationhood in navigating the global landscape. Through his extensive knowledge of Eastern and Western philosophies and teachings from Confucius, Laozi, Buddha, Nietzsche, and Kant, Iqbal also integrates ideas from Muslim philosophers like Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Ibn Taymiyyah. He emphasised the significance of self-dependence and spiritual commitment in nurturing human dignity and national unity. The primary goal of this study is to investigate how self-reliance empowers people to overcome individual and societal constraints, thereby unlocking their full potential to promote national identity and financial independence. By applying a qualitative approach to textual analysis and thematic exploration of Iqbal's key concepts, the article assesses the relevance of his teachings in addressing contemporary challenges. In conclusion, the study highlights Iqbal's perspective on resilience and self-empowerment, emphasizing the interconnection of independence, self-accountability, and national identity in attaining national sovereignty. The article illustrates how Iqbal’s insights remain relevant for overcoming modern obstacles by reaffirming the importance of the journey from self-respect to self-actualization.
Muhammad Iqbal’s Prediction on the Modern Science: A Response to the Scientific Worldview
The inherent crisis of faith due to modern science was prevalent in Western literature during the time of Muhammad Iqbal. After conducting extensive research on Western philosophy, Muhammad Iqbal recognized its intrinsic contradictions and forewarned future Muslim generations. In the 21st century, we are witnessing the rise of New Atheism within Muslim societies. With the development of modern science, there is a growing inclination toward the scientific worldview. Muslim youth are not excluded since their education systems still lack the integration of Islamic knowledge. Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophical thought on ‘Khudi/Self’ is extremely relevant and necessary for internalizing Islamic values and rebuilding confidence in the Islamic worldview among Muslim students. This research analyzes Iqbal’s philosophical poem, The Secrets of the Self, to extract its core message for restoring Muslim students' conviction in the Quranic worldview. This article employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing content analysis to examine Iqbal’s thoughts on the modern crisis arising from the dominance of science. The findings indicate that Iqbal unequivocally affirms the Tawhidic worldview (“There is no God except Allah”) as the ultimate solution for humanity. This research suggests that Muslim students can adopt Muhammad Iqbal’s Tawhidic paradigm as a response to the scientific worldview propagated by New Atheism.