اقبال کے خطبہ اول "علم اور مذہبی مشاہدہ" کے اردو تراجم : ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

This paper explores Iqbal’s first English lecture, Knowledge and Religious Experience, in which he emphasizes the need to reconstruct religious thought in light of modern scientific and philosophical developments. The research aims to examine how four Urdu translators have interpreted and conveyed the core ideas of this lecture. Key questions include: To what extent do these translations reflect Iqbal’s original concepts? What linguistic or intellectual shifts are evident in the translations? This qualitative study uses a comparative analytical methodology, focusing on the philosophical fidelity, linguistic clarity, and interpretive nuance in each translation. The findings suggest that while all four translations attempt to stay true to Iqbal’s thought, they differ significantly in their approach—some offering more accessible language, others preserving deeper conceptual complexity. The study concludes that translation plays a crucial role in shaping the reception of Iqbal’s philosophy, and highlights the importance of contextual and intellectual sensitivity in translating such dense philosophical texts.